Some water-bearing formations dip below the surface and are covered by other formations. It's very responsive to the weather and very responsive to drought, unfortunately. Consisting of up to 1,500 feet of alluvial fill, the aquifer occupies two hydrologically separate basins: the Pecos Trough in the west and the Monument Draw Trough in the east. Extending from the Rio Grande in South Texas northeastward into Arkansas and Louisiana, the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer provides water to all or parts of 66 counties. Water-use data collected using this list of aquifers will be published in. Nearly 80 percent of the groundwater produced in 2008 was used for irrigating crops, especially in the Panhandle region. The Trinity Aquifer consists of basal Cretaceous-age Trinity Group formations extending through 61 counties from the Red River in North Texas to the Hill Country of Central Texas. He got the county through the crisis, and thanks to some heavy rains in 2012, the aquifer rebounded a little. For the distance tool click points on the map to build line segments to measure and double click to complete the measurement. Sulfate and chloride concentrations also tend to increase with depth. Browse our curated list of helpful links for students and researchers. The aquifer underlies an extensive area in south-central Texas extending along the Balcones fault zone from Kinney County eastward to San Antonio, and thence northeastward to Hays County. Irrigation, mainly in the northwestern portion of the region, accounted for about 79 percent of total aquifer use in 2008 and has resulted in significant water-level declines in Glasscock and Reagan counties. The first 62 editions of the Texas Almanac are fully searchable to aid researchers and students of Texas history. The competition for ground water from the Edwards aquifer has created some controversial water issues in central Texas. 600--Igneous and metamorphic-rock aquifers. 1700 North Congress Avenue, Austin, TX 78701TEL: 512-463-7847 / FAX: 512-475-2053, Asset Management Program for Small Systems, State Water Implementation Fund for Texas (SWIFT), Guidance & References for Online Loan Application, State Water Implementation Fund for Texas, 6th Planning Cycle Information (2026 RWPs), 2021 Regional Water Plans & Previous Plans, Regional Water Planning Data Entry Application (RWP22) Training, District Information (O-Z and Other Districts), Extended Naturalize Flow and Reservoir Evaporation, Flood Planning Useful Links and Resources, Drought Response and Financial Assistance, Water Conservation Plan ~ Utility Profile, Historical Water Loss Audit and Conservation Annual Report Data, Industrial, Commercial & Institutional (ICI), Brackish Resources Aquifer Characterization System, Notice of Nondiscrimination and Reasonable Accommodation, Texas Natural Resources Information System (TNRIS), Texas Water Infrastructure Coordination Committee (TWICC), Texas Aquifers Study: Groundwater Quantity, Quality, Flow, and Contributions to Surface Water, Stratigraphic and Hydrogeologic Framework of Part of the Coastal Plain of Texas, Ground-Water Geology of Live Oak County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of La Salle and McMullen Counties, Texas, Evaluation of Ground-Water Quality in Texas Counties Bordering the Rio Grande, Transmissivity, Hydraulic Conductivity, and Storativity of the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer in Texas, Ground-Water Resources of the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer in the Central Texas Region, Reconnaissance Investigation of the Ground-Water Resources of the Brazos River Basin, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Grimes County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Brazos and Burleson Counties, Texas, Evaluation of Ground Water Resources in the Vicinity of the Cities of Henderson, Jacksonville, Kilgore, Lufkin, Nacogdoches, Rusk, and Tyler in East Texas, Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Uvalde County, Texas, Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Dimmit County, Texas, Ground-Water Geology of Bexar County, Texas, Ground-Water Geology of Wilson County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Guadalupe County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Caldwell County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Gonzales County, Texas, Availability and Quality of Ground Water in Leon County, Texas, Ground-Water Conditions in Anderson, Cherokee, Freestone, and Henderson Counties, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Bastrop County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Lee County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Navarro County, Texas, A Digital Model of the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer Within the Colorado River Basin of Texas (cross-section figures, Availability and Quality of Ground Water in Smith County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Camp, Franklin, Morris, and Titus Counties, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Houston County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Harrison County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Sabine and San Augustine Counties, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Wood County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Gregg and Upshur Counties, Texas, Ground-Water Conditions in Angelina and Nacogdoches Counties, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Rusk County, Texas, Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Medina County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Atascosa and Frio Counties, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Rains and Van Zandt Counties, Texas, Availability and Quality of Ground Water in Fayette County, Texas, Depth to aquifer layers for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers in McMullen County, Management plan information for Post Oak Savannah GCD, Predictive simulations for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, Sparta, and Yegua-Jackson aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 11, Management plan information for Wintergarden GCD, Analysis of pumping information for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 12, Management plan information for Uvalde County UWCD, Management plan information for Evergreen UWCD, Management plan information for Lost Pines GCD, Management plan information for Brazos Valley GCD, Management plan information for Live Oak UWCD, Predictive simulations for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 13, Management plan information for Medina County GCD, Management plan information for Neches & Trinity Valleys GCD, Management plan information for Rusk County GCD, Management plan information for Bluebonnet GCD, Predictive simulation for the Carrizo and Middle Wilcox aquifers in Anderson County, Management plan information for Mid-East Texas GCD, Management plan information for Panola County GCD, Management plan information for Pineywoods GCD, Predictive simulation for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 13, Average drawdowns by county for GAM Runs 08-41, 08-42, and 08-43 in Groundwater Management Area 13, Management plan information for Pecan Valley GCD, Management plan information for Fayette County GCD, Management plan information for McMullen GCD, Management plan information for Guadalupe GCD, Predictive simulation for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 11, Management plan information for Anderson County UWCD, Average drawdowns for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers based on the analysis completed in GAM Run 06-029, Predictive simulation for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers in Fayette County GCD, Management plan information for Plum Creek Conservation District, Predictive simulation for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers in Mid-East Texas GCD, Predictive simulation for the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer in Rusk County GCD, Impacts of pumping increases in the in the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer near Jewett, Texas (Leon County), Recharge information for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Edwards-Trinity (Plateau) and Trinity aquifers in Uvalde County, Recharge information for the Carrizo-Wilcox and Trinity aquifers in Medina County, Water level information for the Gulf Coast, Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers in Live Oak County, Water budget information for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers in Bee, Live Oak, and McMullen counties, Post Oak Savannah GCD, water budget, water levels, drawdown through 2050, 2002 State Water Plan pumping summary, and interaction with the Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer, Statistical summary and map of storage coefficient for the Simsboro Aquifer in Burleson County, Statistical summary and map of transmissivity of the Simsboro Aquifer in Burleson County, Recharge amounts and maximum pumping needed to maintain current water levels in Mid-East Texas GCD, Aquifer recharge values for Neches and Trinity Valleys GCD, Recharge amounts and maximum pumping that allows maintaining current water levels in Mid-East Texas GCD, Predictive run using Region C provided pumping, Predictive run using pumping data provided by Post Oak Savannah GCD, Water budget and total storage above 4000 depth in Evergreen UWCD, Total water availability in Henderson, Navarro, and Freestone counties, Recharge information and total storage above 3000 feet using a predictive simulation in Milam and Burleson counties, Recharge and total storage data for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, Sparta, and Gulf Coast aquifers in Fayette County GCD, Water budget, storage, and water level drawdown for the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer and recharge information for the Gulf Coast Aquifer in Bee GCD, Water availability for the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer in Henderson, Navarro, and Freestone counties, 20102030 water level drawdowns for the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer in Rusk, Smith, and Gregg counties, Water budget, storage, and drawdown in 2050 for the Trinity (Hill Country) and Carrizo-Wilcox aquifers in Medina County GCD, Recharge, available storage, estimated and projected declines for the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer in Pineywoods GCD, Estimated drawdown under assumed future pumping for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 13, Drawdown maps and water budget for GAM run 11-007, Predictive simulations for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 11, Management plan information for Gonzales County UWCD, Management plan data for Panola County GCD, Management plan data for Fayette County GCD, GAM run - Total Estimated Recoverable Storage, Total Estimated Recoverable Storage for aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 16, Management Plan data for Gonzales County UWCD, Management plan data for Neches & Trinity Valleys GCD, Management plan data for Mid-East Texas GCD, GAM task - Total Estimated Recoverable Storage, Total Estimated Recoverable Storage for aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 13, Total Estimated Recoverable Storage for aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 15, Management Plan data for Brazos Valley GCD, Total Estimated Recoverable Storage for aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 11, Total Estimated Recoverable Storage for aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 12, Total Estimated Recoverable Storage for aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 14, Predictive run using pumping distribution provided by Post Oak Savannah GCD, Management plan data for Medina County GCD, Management Plan data for Uvalde County UWCD, Management Plan data for Wintergarden GCD, Management plan information for Neches and Trinity Valleys GCD, Proportion of aquifer with groundwater conservation districts: 65 percent, Number of counties containing the aquifer: 66. In Texas, the Panhandle is the most extensive region irrigated with groundwater. The Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer is located beneath 66 counties in the northeast region of the Rio Grande Valley in South Texas to Arkansas and Louisiana. This system has been divided into three major water-producing components referred to as the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers. Throughout most of its extent in Texas, the aquifer yields fresh to slightly saline water that is used mainly for irrigation in the Winter Garden District of South Texas, and for public supply and industrial use in Central and Northeast Texas. storage and recovery facility Please note that the maps do not show the entire extent of an aquifer, only itssubcropor outcrop area. Aquifers in carbonate rocks are most extensive in the eastern U.S. The study area comprises about 2,000 square miles of out-crops of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in northwest Harris County, Montgomery County, and southern Walker County. There are nine major aquifers and 22 minor aquifers that supply groundwater for municipal and irrigation needs throughout the state. These aquifers consist of limestones, sands, clays, gravels, and conglomerates. Well, in Central Texas, and particularly the Edwards Aquifer, it's an aquifer that has a lot of caves in it and fractures. The Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) specifically disclaims any and all liability for any claims or damages that may result from providing these data. Aquifers covered by less permeable formations, such as clay, are confined under artesian pressure. Texas Water Development Board works best with JavaScript enabled. An official website of the United States government. If you have any questions or concerns regarding the material on this page, please contact the Comptrollers Data Analysis and Transparency Division. Historical large-scale groundwater withdrawals, especially for the municipal uses of El Paso and Juarez, have caused major water-level declines and significantly changed the direction of flow, causing a deterioration of the chemical quality of the groundwater in the aquifer, according to El Paso Water Utilities and the USGS. Their combined freshwater saturated thickness averages about 600 feet in North Texas and about 1,900 feet in Central Texas. The aquifer is used for municipal, industrial, and irrigation purposes. Irrigation accounts for more than half of the aquifer's discharge. Water levels in the Trinity Aquifer, the county's main source of groundwater, plunged. Although water level declines in excess of 300 feet have occurred in several areas over the last 50 to 60 years, the rate of decline has slowed, and water levels have risen in a few areas. Water-conservation measures by agricultural and municipal users are being promoted. Geology, Major and Minor Aquifers, BRACS Study Areas, Regional Water Planning Areas, Groundwater Management Areas, Groundwater Conservation Districts, River Basins, Counties, 7.5' United State Geological Survey Grid, 2.5' State Grid, Latitude, Longitude, and Land Elevation. (February 2005), Valley and Ridge carbonate-rock aquifers were removed:these now should be included in Valley and Ridge aquifers. Aquifers play a major role in providing water to many parts of Texas. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. National aquifers, or principal aquifers of the United States, are defined as regionally extensive aquifers or aquifer systems that have the potential to be used as a source of potable(drinkable)water. Results of the Regional A, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Unconsolidated and semiconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers, Regional Groundwater Availability Studies, North and South Carolina Atlantic Coastal Plain, Pennsylvanian and Mississippian Aquifers of the Appalachian Plateaus, Groundwater, Aquifers, Wells, and Springs, Minor aquifers, confining units, and areas identified as "not a principal aquifer", Quality of groundwater used for public supply in the continental United States: A comprehensive assessment, Principal aquifers [of the United States]. In scattered places in the United States, carbonate rocks are interbedded with almost equal amounts of water-yielding sandstone. The Gulf Coast aquifer forms an irregularly shaped belt that parallels the Texas coastline and extends through 54 counties from the Rio Grande northeastward to the Louisiana border. Groundwater in the unconfined area is hard and typically has total dissolved solids concentrations less than 1,000 milligrams per liter. Irrigation pumpage accounted for 94 percent of the total use from the aquifer in 2008. Semiconsolidated aquifers consist of semiconsolidated sand interbedded with silt, clay, and minor carbonate rocks Sandstone aquifers are more widespread than those in all other kinds of consolidated rocks. Until recently, San Antonio was one of the largest cities in the world that relied solely on a single groundwater source for its municipal supply. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Five GCD's (Red on the map), the GMA12, are required to work together to set these conditions for the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer. Groundwater movement is generally toward the southeast. In 2008, 72 percent of groundwater pumped from the aquifer was used for irrigation, and the rest is withdrawn for industrial uses, power supply, and municipal use. For a deeper dive into principal aquifers:TheGround Water Atlas of the United States(USGS Hydrologic Atlas 730,published inchapters from 1990 to2000) describes the location, hydrologic characteristics, and geologic characteristics of the principal aquifers throughout thefiftyStates, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. 1700 North Congress Avenue, Austin, TX 78701TEL: 512-463-7847 / FAX: 512-475-2053, Asset Management Program for Small Systems, State Water Implementation Fund for Texas (SWIFT), Guidance & References for Online Loan Application, State Water Implementation Fund for Texas, 6th Planning Cycle Information (2026 RWPs), 2021 Regional Water Plans & Previous Plans, Regional Water Planning Data Entry Application (RWP22) Training, District Information (O-Z and Other Districts), Extended Naturalize Flow and Reservoir Evaporation, Flood Planning Useful Links and Resources, Drought Response and Financial Assistance, Water Conservation Plan ~ Utility Profile, Historical Water Loss Audit and Conservation Annual Report Data, Industrial, Commercial & Institutional (ICI), Brackish Resources Aquifer Characterization System, Notice of Nondiscrimination and Reasonable Accommodation, Texas Natural Resources Information System (TNRIS), Texas Water Infrastructure Coordination Committee (TWICC), Texas Aquifers Study: Groundwater Quantity, Quality, Flow, and Contributions to Surface Water, Reevaluation of desired future conditions for the Trinity Aquifer in Comanche and Erath counties, Reconnaissance Investigation of the Ground-Water Resources of the Brazos River Basin, Texas, Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Uvalde County, Texas, Ground-Water Geology of Bexar County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Guadalupe County, Texas, Changes in Groundwater Conditions in the Edwards and Trinity Aquifers, 1987-1997, for Portions of Bastrop, Bell, Burnet, Lee, Milam, Travis, and Williamson Counties, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Bastrop County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Navarro County, Texas, Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Medina County, Texas, Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Hays County, Texas, Ground-Water Geology of Bandera County, Texas, Occurrence and Quality of Ground Water in Brown County, Texas, Occurrence and Quality of Ground Water in Montague County, Texas, Occurrence, Availability, and Chemical Quality of Ground Water in the Edwards Plateau Region of Texas, Ground-Water Evaluation in and Adjacent to Dripping Springs, Texas, Occurrence, Availability, and Quality of Ground Water in Travis County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Kerr County, Texas, Ground-Water Resources of Blanco County, Texas, Base-Flow Studies, Upper Guadalupe River Basin, Texas, Quality and Quantity, Ground-Water Availability of the Lower Cretaceous Formations in the Hill Country of South-Central Texas, Groundwater Availability of the Trinity Aquifer, Hill Country Area, Texas: Numerical Simulations through 2050, Occurrence, Quantity, and Quality of Ground Water in Taylor County, Texas, Ground-Water Quality Monitoring of the Trinity Aquifer in the Vicinity of Erath County, Occurrence, Availability and Chemical Quality of Ground Water in the Cretaceous Aquifers of North-Central Texas, Volumes 1 & 2, Ground-Water Resources of Part of Central Texas with Emphasis on the Antlers and Travis Peak Formations, Volumes 1 & 2, Evaluation of Water Resources in Part of Central Texas, The Paleozoic and Related Aquifers of Central Texas, Evaluation of Ground-Water Resources of the Paleozoic and Cretaceous Aquifers in the Hill Country of Central Texas, Updated Evaluation of Water Resources in Part of North-Central Texas, 1990-1999, Evaluation of Water Resources in Part of North-Central Texas, Occurrence and Quality of Ground Water in Jack County, Texas, Groundwater Availability Model: Hill Country Portion of the Trinity Aquifer of Texas, Desired future condition scenarios for the middle and lower Trinity Aquifer in Groundwater Management Area 10, Desired future condition scenarios for the Trinity Aquifer in Groundwater Management Area 10, Management plan information for Prairielands GCD, Management plan information for Central Texas GCD, Management plan information for North Texas GCD, Management plan information for Red River GCD, Management plan information for Post Oak Savannah GCD, Additional results from the analysis completed in GAM Task 10-005, Management plan information for Lost Pines GCD, Management plan information for Clearwater UWCD, Management plan information for Middle Trinity GCD, Management plan information for Hays Trinity GCD, Management plan information for Medina County GCD, Management plan information for Cow Creek GCD, Predictive simulations for the Edwards-Trinity (Plateau) and Trinity aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 9, Management plan information for Upper Trinity GCD, Management plan information for Neches & Trinity Valleys GCD, Additional results from the analysis completed in GAM Run 08-064, Predictive and steady-state simulations for the Trinity Aquifer in Groundwater Management Area 9, Management plan information for McLennan County GCD, Predictive simulation for the Woodbine and Trinity aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 8, Management plan information for Northern Trinity GCD, Management plan information for Fox Crossing Water District, Management plan information for Saratoga UWCD, Predictive simulation for the Trinity Aquifer in Groundwater Management Area 9, Predictive simulations for the Trinity Aquifer in Groundwater Management Area 8, Simulation to document locations and discharges to springs and rivers, and document the water budget in Groundwater Management Area 9, Predictive simulation for the Trinity Aquifer in Groundwater Management Area 8, Predictive simulation for the Trinity Aquifer in Lampasas County (Saratoga UWCD), Predictive simulation for the Trinity Aquifer in Mills County, Effects on Guadalupe River flow from various pumping scenarios in the Trinity Aquifer, Recharge information for the Carrizo-Wilcox, Edwards-Trinity (Plateau) and Trinity aquifers in Uvalde County, Recharge information for the Carrizo-Wilcox and Trinity aquifers in Medina County, Recharge rates for the Trinity Aquifer in Hays Trinity GCD, Analytical groundwater modeling to estimate water level drawdown in Erath and Comanche counties, Analytical groundwater modeling to assess water level drawdown by implementing hypothetical well fields, Decadal water level declines for the Upper and Middle Trinity aquifers of the Trinity (Hill Country) GAM, Recharge, leakage, and total storage for the Trinity (Hill Country) in Bandera County River Authority and GCD, Water budget, storage, and drawdown in 2050 for the Trinity (Hill Country) and Carrizo-Wilcox aquifers in Medina County GCD, Water budget by county for the Trinity (Hill Country) Aquifer, Estimated water levels at specified locations in the Trinity (Hill Country) GAM, Average well yield in Kendall County for the Trinity (Hill Country) Aquifer GAM, Managed available groundwater estimates for the Trinity Aquifer in Groundwater Management Area 8, Trinity Aquifer model runs for Central Texas GCD, County water budget for the Trinity (Hill Country) Aquifer GAM, Predictive simulations for the Trinity Aquifer in Clearwater UWCD, Modeled available groundwater for the Trinity Aquifer in Groundwater Management Area 10, Aquifer Test and Related Well Information from Public Water Supply Wells in Groundwater Management Area 8, Management plan data for Hill Country UWCD, Ground Water Recharge Model: Calibration and Validation for Remotely-Sensed Dual Coefficient (RDC) GMA8 ET Estimation, Management plan information for Blanco-Pedernales GCD, Management plan data for Blanco-Pedernales GCD, Management plan data for Neches & Trinity Valleys GCD, Management plan data for Middle Trinity GCD, GAM task - Total Estimated Recoverable Storage, Total Estimated Recoverable Storage for aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 6, Total Estimated Recoverable Storage for aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 7, Total Estimated Recoverable Storage for aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 9, Total Estimated Recoverable Storage for aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 10, Total Estimated Recoverable Storage for aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 13, Management plan information for Real-Edwards Conservation and Reclamation District, Total Estimated Recoverable Storage for aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 8, Total Estimated Recoverable Storage for aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 11, Total Estimated Recoverable Storage for aquifers in Groundwater Management Area 12, Management plan data for Southern Trinity GCD, Management plan information for Trinity-Glen Rose GCD, Management plan data for Trinity Glen Rose GCD, Management Plan data for Southern Trinity GCD, Management plan data for Hays Trinity GCD, Management plan data for Upper Trinity GCD, Management plan data for Northern Trinity GCD, Predictive simulations for the Trinity Aquifer in Groundwater Management Area 9, Management plan data for Medina County GCD, Management Plan data for Uvalde County UWCD, Management plan information for Middle Trinity GCD, Management plan data for Comal Trinity GCD, Management plan information for Headwaters GCD, Management plan information for Bandera County RA&GD, Management plan information for Hill Country UWCD, Management plan information for Neches and Trinity Valleys GCD, Management plan information for Southern Trinity GCD, Management plan information for Glen Rose GCD, Management plan information for Southwestern Travis County GCD, Management plan information for Bandera County RA & GD, Management plan information for Comal Trinity GCD, Proportion of aquifer with groundwater conservation districts: 88 percent, Number of counties containing the aquifer: 61. 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